From Traditional Formulation to Molecular Evidence: GC–MS Characterization of Lavangapattai Kudineer in Anti-Hemorrhoidal Therapeutics

Abstract

According to the World Health Organization, nearly 70–80% of populations in several Asian and African countries depend on traditional medicine for their primary health care needs. Among the AYUSH systems of India, Siddha medicine has gained renewed global attention due to its holistic philosophy and therapeutic potential in managing chronic and lifestyle-related disorders. Bleeding hemorrhoids (Raththa Moolam) are a common anorectal condition characterized by painless rectal bleeding, vascular congestion, and inflammation, significantly impairing quality of life. Conventional treatment modalities often provide only symptomatic relief and are associated with recurrence, adverse effects, and financial burden, thereby emphasizing the need for safer and cost-effective alternative therapies. Lavangapattai Kudineer, a classical Siddha formulation indicated for bleeding disorders, has been traditionally prescribed for the management of Raththa Moolam. The present study aimed to scientifically validate this formulation using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis to identify its phytochemical constituents and evaluate its therapeutic relevance in bleeding hemorrhoids. GC–MS analysis revealed the presence of diverse bioactive compounds exhibiting anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hemostatic, membrane-stabilizing, and tissue-protective activities. These pharmacological properties are closely aligned with the pathophysiological mechanisms of bleeding hemorrhoids, including oxidative stress, vascular fragility, venous congestion, and mucosal inflammation. The identified constituents may contribute to reducing inflammatory mediators, strengthening vascular integrity, decreasing capillary permeability, enhancing venous tone, and promoting mucosal healing, thereby controlling bleeding and minimizing recurrence.