IJCRT Research Journal | UGC Approved and UGC Care Journal | Scopus Indexed Journal Norms
IJCRT: UGC Approved and Scopus Indexed Journal
Investigating Chishti Order Dargah and its Cultural Impact on Delhi During Medieval Period
Delhi has long been intertwined with Sufism and its rich cultural traditions. The arrival of Sufis in India during the eleventh century significantly reshaped the city’s cultural landscape. Central to Sufi architecture is the dargah a shrine constructed over the graves of revered saints which in Delhi often reflects the architectural influences of the Mughal and Sultanate periods. The Sufi tradition has had a profound impact on the cultural heritage of Delhi and its surrounding regions. This qualitative research examines the architectural styles of dargahs associated with the Chishti Sufi order in Delhi, particularly those built between the 11th and 14th centuries during the Sultanate period. It also explores the cultural influences and evolution of dargah architecture, assessing their role in shaping Delhi’s architectural and cultural identity. The findings offer insights and guidelines for preserving the indigenous heritage and cultural legacy of these sacred sites for future generations.
Copyright (c) 2026 IJCRT Research Journal | UGC Approved and UGC Care Journal | Scopus Indexed Journal Norms https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
From Traditional Formulation to Molecular Evidence: GC–MS Characterization of Lavangapattai Kudineer in Anti-Hemorrhoidal Therapeutics
According to the World Health Organization, nearly 70–80% of populations in several Asian and African countries depend on traditional medicine for their primary health care needs. Among the AYUSH systems of India, Siddha medicine has gained renewed global attention due to its holistic philosophy and therapeutic potential in managing chronic and lifestyle-related disorders. Bleeding hemorrhoids (Raththa Moolam) are a common anorectal condition characterized by painless rectal bleeding, vascular congestion, and inflammation, significantly impairing quality of life. Conventional treatment modalities often provide only symptomatic relief and are associated with recurrence, adverse effects, and financial burden, thereby emphasizing the need for safer and cost-effective alternative therapies. Lavangapattai Kudineer, a classical Siddha formulation indicated for bleeding disorders, has been traditionally prescribed for the management of Raththa Moolam. The present study aimed to scientifically validate this formulation using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis to identify its phytochemical constituents and evaluate its therapeutic relevance in bleeding hemorrhoids. GC–MS analysis revealed the presence of diverse bioactive compounds exhibiting anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hemostatic, membrane-stabilizing, and tissue-protective activities. These pharmacological properties are closely aligned with the pathophysiological mechanisms of bleeding hemorrhoids, including oxidative stress, vascular fragility, venous congestion, and mucosal inflammation. The identified constituents may contribute to reducing inflammatory mediators, strengthening vascular integrity, decreasing capillary permeability, enhancing venous tone, and promoting mucosal healing, thereby controlling bleeding and minimizing recurrence.
Research on Splicing Technology of Expressway Reconstruction and Expansion Based on Finite Element Method
To address the mechanical performance issues of the splicing structure between new and old pavements in expressway reconstruction and expansion projects, this study employed ABAQUS software based on the three-dimensional continuum finite element method to systematically analyze the effects of load magnitude, layer modulus, and number of steps on the interlayer stress of the spliced pavement. The research findings can provide theoretical basis for the splicing design and construction control of highway widening and reconstruction projects
Multivariate Analysis of Mechanical Response and Rutting Performance in Asphalt Pavements Using 3D-Move Analysis
This study investigates the mechanical response and rutting performance of asphalt pavements using 3D-Move Analysis software based on the three-dimensional continuous finite layer method. A multivariate orthogonal experimental design was employed to simulate two pavement structures with different surface layer combinations (SBS-modified asphalt and SMA) under coupled thermal-mechanical loading. Key parameters including vehicle speed (35–77 km/h), temperature (0–40°C), and traffic volume (15,000–45,000 vehicles/day) were systematically analyzed. Results demonstrate that temperature significantly influences the viscoelastic behavior of asphalt mixtures, and optimal material selection effectively enhances long-term pavement performance. This research provides practical guidance for pavement structural design and material optimization.
Legacy of Lucknow: A Study of Four Famous Personalities of Cinema, Born and Raised in or Near the City
When inquired about the cultivation of maximalism by the City of Nawabs, Lucknow, Muzaffar Ali, the Indian maker, poet, artist, fashion designer, and cultural revivalist, replied, “It (Lucknow) has a deeper sense of understanding and feeling situations. The deeper the feeling the greater the sense of the maximal. Here one thing leads to another, till you create an anjuman, a congregation of people and ideas. These feelings are getting eroded by consumerism and film can be one way of recreating them for everybody.” (Shriti Das) Lucknow’s culture is marked by tolerance, courtesy and artistic refinement. The city is renowned for storytelling tradition popularly known as kissa goi, mushaira, kathak dance, poetry, theatre, literature, and is associated with the traditions of ghazals, and classical music. Lucknow, thus, provides quite a conducive environment for artistic growth and space for everything that constitutes the core components of cinema. Through Muzaffar Ali’s words a clear insight into the romantic sophistication of Lucknow city can be perceived in a subtler way: “The rational, historical, humanistic outlook of my father, and the compassionate, culturally-oriented life of my mother, Rani Kaniz Hyder, both were mirrors to the timeless types that existed in Awadh. Through them, these types found their way to the outer world and to the inner world of the sensitive, feminine feudal culture of Umrao Jaan” (Meera Ali). Some of the prominent cinema personalities from Uttar Pradesh are Kaifi Azmi, Shakeel Badayun, Muzaffar Ali and Naushad Ali. Kaifi Azmi, a noted lyricist of Bollywood, was from Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh. Shakeel Ahmad was born in Badaun, Uttar Pradesh, while Naushad Ali and Muzaffar Ali both hailed from the City of Nawabs, Lucknow. The purpose of this study is to bring together the above mentioned four famous personalities of Hindi cinema born and raised in or near Lucknow, and study the impact that Uttar Pradesh, and Lucknow in particular, had on these eminent personalities so much that it shaped their lives to help them reach the heights and skies of fame and stardom.
Irretrievable Breakdown of Marriage: A Comparative Doctrinal Study of Institutional Ethics Review Frameworks in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Canada, the Commonwealth of Australia, and the Republic of India
This study undertakes a doctrinal and comparative examination of institutional ethics review mechanisms governing research involving human participants, with particular reference to the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia, and their relevance for India. The research proceeds on the premise that contemporary Institutional Review Boards and their functional equivalents have evolved into legally significant bodies responsible for safeguarding participant autonomy, dignity, welfare, and informational privacy. Relying exclusively on secondary sources, including statutory frameworks, regulatory guidance, and leading judicial pronouncements, the study analyses the substantive criteria, procedural architecture, approval timelines, and participant protections embedded within the selected jurisdictions. The findings reveal substantial normative convergence across the three foreign systems, particularly in relation to scientific validity, proportional risk assessment, meaningful informed consent, equitable participant selection, and confidentiality safeguards. However, important operational distinctions persist. The United Kingdom demonstrates the advantages of centralised digital integration and defined decision timelines; Canada reflects a principled yet decentralised institutional model; and Australia offers a hybrid framework combining national guidance with registered committee oversight. Across jurisdictions, proportionate review pathways and transparency mechanisms emerge as key determinants of regulatory efficiency and public trust. When evaluated against this comparative baseline, India’s ethics governance framework appears normatively robust but institutionally uneven. While the ICMR National Ethical Guidelines and the New Drugs and Clinical Trials Rules have strengthened the regulatory foundation, challenges remain in the areas of procedural uniformity, committee capacity, data governance assessment, and public transparency. The study concludes that India would benefit from calibrated institutional reforms, particularly the development of an interoperable national ethics submission platform, strengthened accreditation and training of ethics committees, culturally responsive consent processes, and tighter integration of privacy review within ethical scrutiny. The research ultimately affirms that effective ethics oversight enhances both participant protection and the legitimacy of scientific enterprise, and that India stands at a critical juncture in translating normative commitment into operational coherence.
The Principle of Inherent Human Dignity in International Human Rights Law: Philosophical Foundations, Legal Codification, and the Challenge of Cultural Relativism
The notion of human dignity serves as the foundational principle of modern international human rights law and acts as the normative cornerstone of global bioethics. This chapter explores the philosophical progression of human dignity, tracing its origins from ancient Greek and Stoic thought through Christian theology to Enlightenment philosophy, thereby illustrating how the concept has been articulated throughout various intellectual traditions. The analysis examines how dignity, defined as the inherent and inalienable worth that is equally possessed by all members of the human family, emerged as the organizing principle of the international legal order established post-World War II, first enshrined in the United Nations Charter (1945) and later in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948). It is established in this chapter that human dignity serves as the ultimate source from which fundamental human rights are derived, rather than being classified as a right itself. This foundational relationship elucidates that rights exist due to individuals' intrinsic worth, independent of state endorsement. The inherent and universal nature of dignity necessitates equal treatment and prohibits discrimination, thus providing the normative framework for safeguarding human integrity against potentially detrimental biotechnological advancements. In addressing the critique of cultural relativism, the chapter illustrates that while human dignity has been systematically developed within Western philosophy, analogous concepts are present in non-Western traditions, including Confucianism and Islam. International human rights instruments, notably the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights (2005), acknowledge cultural diversity while asserting that cultural practices cannot override fundamental human rights principles. The chapter concludes by affirming that human dignity functions as a unifying transcultural principle, facilitating the establishment of minimal common bioethical standards while honouring legitimate cultural variations in their application.
Experimental Investigation on Concrete with Nano Silica and Polyvinyl Alcohol Fiber
This experimental study investigates the combined effect of Nano Silica (NS) and Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) fiber in M30 grade concrete. Nano Silica owing to its ultrafine particle size and high pozzolanic reactivity acts as a micro-filler and accelerates the formation of calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) gel thereby refining the pore structure and improving compressive strength. PVA fibers with their high tensile strength and excellent bonding properties, bridge micro-cracks and enhance ductility and toughness of the concrete matrix. In this study Nano Silica was used as a partial replacement for cement at 1%, 2%, and 3% by weight, while PVA fiber was added as 0.5% by volume of concrete. The specimens were tested for compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength at 7 and 28 days of curing.
Experimental Investigation on Concrete with Prosopis Juliflora Ash and Basalt Fiber Bar Reinforcement
The increasing environmental concerns caused by global warming and the rising costs of cement production due to quarrying have created a pressing need to explore alternative materials. To address this challenge, extensive research has been carried out to identify suitable replacements for cement. This research work is aimed to investigate the strength of concrete with partial replacement of cement with Prosopis juliflora ash (PJA) and compare it with conventional concrete. The grade of concrete is M30. Incorporating Prosopis juliflora ash can potentially reduce the overall consumption of cement in the country while promoting sustainable construction practices. The primary objective of this research is to evaluate the influence of Prosopis juliflora ash as a partial replacement for cement on the compressive, split tensile, and flexural strength of concrete. In this investigation, Prosopis juliflora ash (locally known as Seemaikaruvelam) was used to replace cement in varying proportions of 10%, 20% and 30%. Based on the experimental results, the mix containing 20% Prosopis juliflora ash exhibited optimal strength characteristics. The findings of this study highlight the potential of Prosopis juliflora ash as an eco-friendly and cost-effective alternative material for sustainable construction
Performance Analysis of PAPR Reduction in Multi-User OFDM Systems Using PTS, PSO-PTS AND DE-PTS Techniques
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is widely employed in modern multi-user wireless systems due to its high spectral efficiency and robustness to multipath fading. However, the high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of OFDM signals reduces power amplifier efficiency and degrades system performance. This paper presents a comparative analysis of Partial Transmit Sequence (PTS), Particle Swarm Optimization-based PTS (PSO-PTS), and Differential Evolution-based PTS (DE-PTS) techniques for PAPR reduction in multi-user OFDM systems. The proposed methods are implemented in MATLAB and evaluated in terms of PAPR, Bit Error Rate (BER), and spectral efficiency. Simulation results demonstrate that DE-PTS achieves the lowest PAPR of approximately 5.3 dB with minimal BER degradation and improved spectral efficiency, outperforming conventional PTS and PSO-PTS methods. These findings confirm the effectiveness of optimization-based PTS techniques for enhancing performance in next-generation wireless communication systems.
An Experimental Investigation on Geopolymer Concrete with Partial Replacement of M-Sand Using Iron Ore Tailings
This research work aims to study further sustainability to the less geopolymer concrete cement by partially replacing fine aggregate by Iron ore tailings. Geopolymer concrete is one of the building materials that has become more popular in recent years because it is significantly more environmentally friendly than standard concrete. Geopolymer concrete usually includes fly ash, Ground Granulated Blast Furnace slag, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate activated by means of alkaline liquids like sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide. Further the Iron ore tailings which is a byproduct obtained from Steel manufacturing industry can be used as a replacement to fine aggregate. By using this for construction purposes, it reduces environmental pollution. Geopolymer concrete of grade M30 with Iron ore tailings as a partial replacement to fine aggregate was studied for its compressive, tensile and flexural behavior and compared with conventional Geopolymer concrete. The study derived that in all stages, the performance of the geopolymer concrete with Iron ore tailings was marginally better than the conventional Geopolymer concrete with fine aggregate. In this study, the Iron ore tailings are used in various percentages such as 0%, 20%, 40% and 60% and found 40% was effective in terms of strength.
Green biosynthises of nanosilver using Gylcyrrhiza glabra extract -screening of its antioxidant, antimicrobial and antidiabetic activity
The current study aims to investigate the anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, antidiabetic and anti-oxidant properties of the silver nanoparticles synthesised by ecofriendly method of green biosynthesis by utilizing the aqueous stem extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice Stem) as a reducing agent. The bio synthesised AgNPs are characterised in this study using visual colour change, FTIR study was used to detect the presence of functionals groups present in the AgNP, SEM analysis was used to characterise the average size of AgNPs, which were with a size range from 64.82 nm to 85.04 nm and UV-Vis spectroscopic analysis shows maximum absorbance band at 450 nm, respectively. Using the agar disc diffusion method, antibacterial and antifungal activity was evaluated against typical strains of bacteria and fungus. The antioxidant property was determined using DPPH assay and SOD assays. The antidiabetic property was tested using alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase inhibitory assays respectively and the results were compared with the results of acarbose standards. Due to its high concentration of plant-based phytoestrogens and/or natural antioxidants, the legume Glycyrrhiza glabra may be used in the long run to treat and/or prevent diseases linked to oxidative stress including diabetic nephropathy, ferroptosis and certain types of cancer and nanobiomedial applications.
AI-Driven Intrusion Detection System for Smart Agriculture in Remote and Disaster-Prone Areas
Smart agriculture integrates Internet of Things devices, sensors, and wireless communication technologies to enhance crop productivity and support sustainable farming practices. In India, climate change has significantly affected major crops, resulting in highly unpredictable yields over recent decades. Accurate prediction of crop yield before harvest is therefore essential for effective planning and efficient resource management. This study proposes an Artificial Intelligence driven Intrusion Detection System designed to secure smart agriculture networks while enabling intelligent crop yield prediction. The proposed framework combines agricultural data collected through Internet of Things technologies with machine learning techniques. A Random Forest algorithm is employed to predict crop yield with high accuracy. An interactive web based platform is developed to provide a user friendly interface for farmers and other stakeholders. Standard benchmark datasets such as the Network Security Laboratory Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining dataset are used to train and validate the Intrusion Detection System module. The system continuously monitors Internet of Things network traffic to detect potential cyber threats, thereby ensuring data integrity and reliable system operation. The integrated framework enhances network security and decision making capabilities, supports efficient resource allocation and farm planning, improves overall agricultural productivity, and strengthens cybersecurity in smart farming environments. The proposed approach promotes sustainable and data driven agriculture.
Research on Shaft and Tunnel Road Construction Technology Based on Solid Waste-based Cementitious Materials in Mining Areas
The large-scale accumulation of solid waste in mining areas and the high-carbon footprint of traditional cement-based materials present dual challenges for sustainable underground construction. This study investigates the preparation of high-performance cementitious materials from activated coal gangue and tailings for roadway pavement applications. Systematic experiments confirm the developed material exhibits superior mechanical strength, enhanced durability in humid/corrosive environments, and excellent environmental safety compliance. Furthermore, we propose an integrated technical solution encompassing optimized mix design, specialized construction techniques, and quality control protocols. This approach enables effective solid waste valorization while significantly reducing construction costs and environmental impact, providing practical support for green mine development and circular economy implementation in mining operations.
Solid waste-based cementitious materials
Advancing AI-Driven Tissue Engineering Constructs through Future Directions in Real-Time Adaptation, Multi-Modal Integration, and Personalized Scaffold Design
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in tissue engineering has emerged as a transformative approach to designing scaffolds that enhance tissue regeneration and integration. This paper presents the Adaptive Multi-Modal AI for Personalized Scaffold Design (AMAPS), a novel framework that addresses the limitations of existing AI models in tissue engineering by incorporating real-time adaptation, multi-modal data integration, and personalized scaffold design. The AMAPS framework employs advanced algorithms to analyze diverse biological data, allowing for the dynamic adjustment of scaffold properties in response to the evolving needs of regenerating tissue. Through a comprehensive review of recent literature, we highlight the current state of AI-driven tissue engineering and the challenges faced by traditional models, including their inability to provide personalized solutions and their reliance on static datasets. By contrasting AMAPS with existing methodologies, we demonstrate significant improvements in prediction accuracy, scaffold integration rates, and patient satisfaction. Our findings suggest that AMAPS not only enhances scaffold performance but also fosters a more patient-centric approach to regenerative medicine. This research paves the way for future developments in AI-driven tissue engineering, with the potential to revolutionize scaffold design and improve clinical outcomes in regenerative therapies.
Copyright (c) 2025 IJCRT Research Journal | UGC Approved and UGC Care Journal | Scopus Indexed Journal Norms https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Thatheras of Jandiala Guru: The Only UNESCO Metal-Craft Heritage of India
This paper examines the traditional brass and copper utensil-making craft of the Thathera community of Jandiala Guru (Punjab), the only metal-craft element from India inscribed on UNESCO’s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (2014). The study combines a critical literature review, secondary source analysis, and a field-research methodology designed for replication: participant observation, semi-structured interviews, artifact analysis, and photographic documentation. Findings trace the craft’s technology, socio-economic decline and revival efforts, knowledge transmission pathways, and recommendations for sustainable safeguarding. Live examples and referenced interview material illustrate practitioner techniques and community initiatives.
Quantum Approach to Classical Signal Processing
Classical signal processing methods, grounded in linear transformations such as Fourier and Laplace, have long served as cornerstones in engineering and scientific domains. The advent of quantum computing introduces transformative tools, including the Quantum Fourier Transform (QFT) and Quantum Inverse Fourier Transform (Q-IFT), which operate with O(log2 N) complexity, offering exponential al speedups over their classical counterparts O(N*log (N)). This paper delves into the quantum reimagining of signal processing, employing principles of quantum parallelism, superposition, and entanglement to tackle spectral analysis, filtering, and convolution tasks. By encoding signals into quantum states and leveraging unitary operators, we demonstrate superior performance in high-dimensional signal decomposition and noise-tolerant computation. Practical implementations are analyzed through simulations in Qiskit, highlighting the enhancements in spectral resolution and frequency trade-offs. Insights from prior work underscore critical challenges, including gate fidelity and noise-induced decoherence, but also illuminate pathways for hybrid quantum-classical signal processing systems. This study establishes a mathematical and practical framework for transitioning classical signal processing tasks into the quantum paradigm, underscoring the potential for unprecedented advances in efficiency and scalability.
Effectiveness of Proprioceptive Training Versus Muscle Energy Technique on Pain, Range of Motion and Functional Disability in Individuals with Knee Osteoarthritis
This study investigated the comparative effectiveness of proprioceptive training and muscle energy techniques in individuals with knee osteoarthritis, a condition characterized by pain, joint stiffness, decreased muscle strength, and proprioceptive deficits. Sixty participants meeting the selection criteria were randomly assigned to two groups: Group A received proprioceptive training three days per week, two sessions per day for six weeks, while Group B received muscle energy techniques three days per week for six weeks. Pain, range of motion, and functional disability were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Goniometer, and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), respectively. Data analysis with paired t-tests showed significant improvements within both groups, while independent t-tests revealed that proprioceptive training produced greater improvements across all outcomes compared to muscle energy techniques. The findings conclude that while both interventions are effective, six weeks of proprioceptive training is superior in reducing pain, improving range of motion, and minimizing functional disability in individuals with knee osteoarthritis.
Western Ontario McMaster Universities Arthritis index
Traditional Knowledge and Indigenous Practices in India: Preservation, Promotion, and Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya’s Vision as an Alternative Development Model
This article examines India’s traditional knowledge systems and indigenous practices, covering traditional agriculture, craftwork, Ayurveda, and community-based environmental management, through the twin lenses of preservation and contemporary policy engagement. It situates these practices within Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya’s idea of Integral Humanism, which valorizes indigenous knowledge not only as cultural heritage but as a viable alternative to Western-driven development paradigms. Drawing on national initiatives, international frameworks, and scholarship on intellectual-property challenges and biopiracy, the article argues for pluralistic, community-centred governance of traditional knowledge systems. It concludes with policy recommendations to strengthen community rights, participatory documentation, equitable benefit-sharing, and integrative research that respects epistemic pluralism.
A Study on the Growth, Challenges, and Prospects of Female Cricketers in India
Cricket in India, traditionally dominated by men, has seen a significant rise in female participation and recognition in recent years. This article explores the evolution of women’s cricket in India, with a special focus on the development of female cricketers at grassroots and elite levels. It highlights key challenges such as lack of infrastructure, gender bias, and limited media coverage. The study also analyzes the impact of recent initiatives by BCCI and ICC, and outlines the road ahead for women in Indian cricket.
Ayurvedic Management of Vrikka Ashmari (Kidney Stones) through Yoga Basti: A Case Study
Vrikka Ashmari (kidney stones) is a common urinary disorder, characterized by severe pain, dysuria, and hematuria. This case study evaluates the efficacy of Panchakarma therapy in a 35-year-old male patient with bilateral renal calculi and hydronephrosis. The treatment included Purvakarma (oleation and fomentation), Pradhanakarma (Yoga Basti with Sahacharadi Taila and Varunadi Kashaya), and Paschatkarma (dietary rehabilitation). Post-treatment assessments showed significant relief in pain, dysuria, hematuria, and tenderness, with complete resolution of symptoms. Follow-up medications included Punarnava Mandoor, Chandraprabha Vati, and Gokshuradi Guggulu. The study demonstrates Ayurveda’s potential in managing urolithiasis effectively.
Keywords: Vrikka Ashmari, kidney stones, Panchakarma, Yoga Basti, Ayurveda, Urolithiasis, Hydronephrosis.
Generalized Hilbert-Type operator in Weighted Bergman Spaces
If f be an analytic function on the unit disk in the complex plane We consider the generalized Hilbert-type operators defined by (refer PDF for equation) where and b are non-negative real numbers. In particular, for , becomes the Generalized Hilbert operator and for , it becomes the classical Hilbert operator . We study these operators acting on weighted Bergman spaces of analytic functions in Here we give conditions on the parameters and such that is bounded on .
Examining Differences in Investor Behaviour between Developed and Emerging Economies
This study explores the differences in investor behaviour between developed and emerging economies. By analysing factors such as risk tolerance, investment preferences, and market dynamics, the research identifies key behavioural patterns. The findings highlight the influence of economic stability, cultural factors, and regulatory environments on investor decision-making, providing actionable insights for market participants and policymakers.
Integral Humanism and Viksit Bharat 2047: A Civilizational Framework for Sustainable and Inclusive Development
As India charts its path toward becoming a developed nation by the centenary of its independence in 2047, there is an urgent need for a development model that goes beyond economic metrics and aligns with the country’s civilizational ethos. This paper explores the philosophy of Integral Humanism, articulated by Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya, as a foundational framework for realizing the vision of Viksit Bharat 2047. Integral Humanism emphasizes the holistic development of the individual, body, mind, intellect, and soul, in harmony with society, nature, and ethical values. It calls for a synthesis of spiritual and material progress, cultural rootedness, and moral responsibility. The research analyzes how Integral Humanism aligns with and enhances contemporary national priorities, including self-reliance (Atmanirbhar Bharat), inclusive growth, rural revitalization, and ecological sustainability. Through case studies of major government initiatives such as Digital India, Skill India, Beti Bachao Beti Padhao, and Mission LiFE, the paper illustrates the practical convergence between policy and philosophical vision. Furthermore, it draws parallels between Integral Humanism and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, mapping key principles like Antyodaya, Swadeshi, and Dharma onto global development priorities. The paper concludes that Integral Humanism offers a uniquely Indian, yet universally relevant, model of sustainable development, one that prioritizes human dignity, social equity, and ecological balance. By adopting this indigenous philosophical lens, India can lead the world in redefining progress as both ethical and inclusive.
Design of A Ka Band Microstrip Patch Antenna Integrated with FSS for Military Drone Communication Systems
This project presents the design and simulation of a compact, high performance microstrip patch antenna operating at 32 GHz within the Ka band, specifically tailored for military drone communication systems. The antenna is constructed using Rogers RT/duroid 5880 substrate, characterized by a low dielectric constant (εr = 2.2) and minimal loss tangent (tan δ = 0.0009), ensuring superior radiation efficiency and reduced signal attenuation at millimeter-wave frequencies. To enhance the antenna's performance, a Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) is integrated, serving to improve gain and bandwidth while mitigating electromagnetic interference. The design achieves a peak gain, a return loss better than -17 dB, and a bandwidth exceeding 2 GHz, indicating its efficacy for reliable and secure military drone communications. The antenna's low-profile and lightweight design make it suitable for integration into unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), where size and weight constraints are critical. The proposed antenna system holds promise for applications requiring robust, high frequency communication links in compact airborne platforms.
MRI Image Analysis for Brain Tumor Segmentation Using Convolutional Neural Network
In medical imaging, the analysis of Brain Tumor Segmentation is one of the most challenging Problems. To reduce the death rate, the defects in the region of a Human Brain should be reported immediately. The segmentation of the abnormal region helps to monitor and plan the treatment. Isolating normal and abnormal tissues is a critical step in Segmentation. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a widely used, noninvasive modality for early diagnosis of Brain abnormalities. Several Deep Learning based methods have been applied to Brain Tumor Segmentation and achieved promising results. Deep Learning techniques such as the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) are used to obtain the best results in Brain Tumor Segmentation. The building blocks of CNN algorithms are specifically designed for image segmentation tasks. Looking ahead, Deep Learning-based Brain Tumor Segmentation holds significant potential to revolutionize the diagnosis and treatment of Brain Tumors, paving the way for more accurate and personalized healthcare solutions.
Group Insolvency: Towards A Unified Framework for Corporate Distress
The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (IBC) represents a landmark reform in India’s corporate insolvency framework. However, its current structure lacks a comprehensive mechanism to address the insolvency of corporate groups—entities that are legally distinct but economically and operationally interdependent. This gap poses significant challenges, including procedural inefficiencies, value erosion, and the risk of conflicting judicial outcomes. In a globalized economy where corporate group structures are increasingly prevalent, the absence of a coordinated insolvency regime undermines the effectiveness of resolution processes. This paper explores the conceptual and practical need for a group insolvency framework in India. It draws upon international jurisprudence and regulatory frameworks, including the UNCITRAL Model Law on Enterprise Group Insolvency and comparative practices from jurisdictions such as the United States, Germany, and the European Union. The study also critically assesses recent developments in Indian insolvency jurisprudence and the recommendations of the various reports. Through this analysis, the paper advocates for the integration of a structured group insolvency mechanism within the IBC, emphasizing the need for efficacy and fairness of insolvency proceedings involving corporate groups.
The Growth of Indian Nationalism under British Rule: Phases and Ideological Shifts
The growth of Indian nationalism under British rule was a complex, multi-phased process shaped by economic exploitation, socio-cultural awakening, and political consciousness among Indians. Initially emerging as a moderate, constitutional movement seeking reforms within the colonial framework, Indian nationalism gradually evolved into a mass-based struggle demanding complete independence. This paper examines the phases of this evolution, including the early moderate phase, the extremist phase, and the Gandhian mass movement phase, analyzing the ideological shifts that occurred within each period. It also explores the role of socio-religious reform movements, the impact of Western education, the rise of an Indian press, and the experiences of economic deprivation under colonial policies in fueling nationalist sentiments. By mapping the ideological transitions from loyalty to the Crown to outright demand for Purna Swaraj (complete independence), this study highlights how Indian nationalism transformed from elite-led constitutional agitation to a broad-based mass movement, reflecting the aspirations of diverse social groups in India. The paper aims to provide a nuanced understanding of how Indian nationalism under British rule was neither linear nor monolithic but a dynamic interplay of shifting ideologies, leadership strategies, and mass participation that ultimately culminated in India’s freedom in 1947.
Identification of Functional Groups and Chemical Profiling of Ipomoea parasitica Using FTIR Spectroscopy
The chemical profile of Ipomoea parasitica was investigated using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to identify the functional groups present in its extracts. Fresh leaves of Ipomoea parasitica were collected from natural habitats in Andhra Pradesh, India, and subjected to soxhlet extraction with methanol and water. The resulting extracts were analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy with potassium bromide (KBr) pellets to determine their functional group composition. The FTIR spectra revealed prominent O-H stretching peaks at 3318.90 cm⁻¹, 3292.16 cm⁻¹, and 3270.18 cm⁻¹, indicative of alcohols and phenols. C-H stretching peaks at 2943.07 cm⁻¹ and 2839.56 cm⁻¹ confirmed the presence of alkanes. The analysis also identified C=C stretching at 1634.04 cm⁻¹ and multiple peaks in the 1760-1400 cm⁻¹ range, suggesting a diverse mixture of alkenes. Additionally, C-O stretching peaks at 1207.96 cm⁻¹, 1153.96 cm⁻¹, and 1356.32 cm⁻¹ highlighted the presence of alcohols, carboxylic acids, esters, and ethers. C-N stretching at 1054.20 cm⁻¹ indicated aromatic and aliphatic amines. Peaks for C-I and carbonyl groups further elucidated the presence of iodo compounds and carbonyl-containing compounds. The FTIR analysis underscores the diverse chemical composition of Ipomoea parasitica, with functional groups that may have significant biological and practical implications. The presence of phenolic compounds suggests potential antioxidants or antimicrobial properties, while the broad array of functional groups indicates varied biological activities. The study also notes the plant's high germination rate and prolific fruit production, emphasizing its ecological and practical significance. Understanding the chemical profile of Ipomoea parasitica can inform its potential applications in pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and other fields.This is the first report of identification of functional groups from Ipomoea parasitica(leaves and stem).
Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy
Foundations for Thinking Machines in Artificial General Intelligence
The development of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) stands as a grand challenge in the field of artificial intelligence, aiming to create systems that possess human-like cognitive abilities across diverse tasks and environments. While recent advancements in deep learning and multi-modal models have led to impressive capabilities, current AI systems remain limited in adaptability, reasoning, and self-awareness. This paper presents a unified, modular framework for AGI design—called the Modular AGI Framework (MAF)—that integrates symbolic reasoning, neural learning, episodic memory, meta-cognition, and human feedback alignment. Through a detailed comparison with existing systems such as GPT-4, Gato, SOAR, and OpenCog, we demonstrate the proposed architecture’s superior performance across key AGI metrics, including generalization, causal reasoning, adaptability, and interpretability. This work contributes a structured pathway toward realizing truly thinking machines and outlines the essential components necessary for safe and scalable AGI systems.