Remapping Tribal Identity in Odisha: Contestation, Resilience and Prospects

Abstract

Odisha's socio-cultural landscape, marked by rich diversity and enduring traditions of its tribal communities, reflects a significant demographic presence, with tribal population constituting 22.85 of the state's total population as recorded in the Census Report 2011. These tribal communities are officially 62 in number and live in hilly and forest regions. Historically, they have experienced varying degrees of humiliation, social isolation, and marginalization. Despite this, they remained as significant contributors to Odisha's cultural diversity, traditional knowledge systems, and sustainable ecological balance. Their long historical marginalization were the common concern, and taking cognizance of that the Government of India made special provisions in the constitution, framed rules and regulations to legally protect and safeguard their rights, culture, and interests as part of the heritage and an integral component of Indian civilization. Paradoxically, several critical issues continue to remain unresolved, underscoring the need for a holistic approach within the context of globalization and development paradigms to ensure the effective protection of their overall well-being. Though nearly eighty years have been lapsed after independence, for the resilient tribal communities of Odisha, the real contestation continues for jal, jungle and jamin (water, forests, and land), the foundations of life, identity and dignity. Therefore, remapping cultural identity in this challenging globalised world immensely important, because it has a wonderful prospect for Odishan knowledge system.